Retraction Policies

The primary objective of retraction is to preserve the integrity of scientific research and maintain readers' trust in the quality of the journal. The decision to retract a manuscript is made with a commitment to upholding ethics and credibility in the academic field. The journal Geografia is guided by the Retraction Guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

A retraction may be issued in cases of:

a) Correction of information or data in previously published works;

b) Manuscripts found to involve the improper appropriation of data and research published by others;

c) Manuscripts found to involve improper authorship, with the exclusion of co-authors who did not participate in the work;

d) Evidence that the research data (numerical, textual, or citations) was altered, falsified, or modified to obtain desired results;

e) Publication of duplicate manuscripts, those under review, or already published in another journal;

f) Manuscripts containing information dissemination without proper authorization (e.g., from interviews or image use);

g) Manuscripts that violate copyright;

h) Manipulated or compromised peer review;

i) Relevant undisclosed conflict of interest;

 

Retractions will only be published after an analysis conducted by the editorial board and will not be issued in cases of:

a) Authorship disputes that do not affect the validity of the manuscript;

b) Works with reliable results requiring only minor corrections;

c) Inconclusive evidence that does not confirm the suspicion;

d) Conflicts of interest reported after publication that did not influence the evaluation, recommendation, or publication of the manuscript;

Retraction notices will be published on the journal's website and will be linked to the retracted manuscripts, clearly identifying the work and its authorship.