ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS IN BACIAS HIDROGRÁFICAS: A STUDY OF CASE OF THE BASIN CÓRREGO FUNDO, AQUIDAUANA/MS.

Abstract

The dynamics of the hydrographic basins is express for the interaction of the subsystems natural, constructed, socio-economic and productive, that portrays the principles of unit, complexity and totality, characterized for its localization, extension, correlation, evolution and causality, consisting in excellent unit of study and planning. The basin of the Deep Stream (Córrego Fundo) is situated in the city of Aquidauana, to the east of the city. The basin occupies an area of 4.609 hectares, that they drain lands of Plateaus of Maracajú/ Campo Grande in direction to the depression of the river Aquidauana, and comprises 14 properties that are used of its superficial and underground waters. The main developed partner-productive activity in the basin is the cattle extensive bovine of cut, for the fattening. Developed with Nelore animals of high ancestry, however with inadequate handling of the cattle and the ground and disrespect to the areas of permanent protection, that is compromising the quality of waters of the basin. To contribute for the analysis of this ambient disequilibrium, were identified the ambient risks to the quality of superficial waters of the basin from systemic model of functioning, that demonstrates to the flows of energy and substance, and its interactions. From the survey of the elements of the biophysical ambient and the application of field questionnaires, thematic letters had been elaborated, characterizing the elements of the subsystems natural, constructed, social and productive, allowing with its overlapping the identification and classification of the ambient risks of the basin. Being most serious, the substitution of the native bush for the cultivated pasture, in areas with superior declivities 30%, the deficient use of conservationists techniques of plantation and handling of the pastures and the deforestation of the areas of permanent preservation, that are contributing for the loss of the soil and carry of sediments and residues for the fluvial canals, compromising the physical, chemical and biological parameters of waters.