THE MORPHOLOGICAL AND STRATIGRAPHIC EVOLUTION OF A TRANSGRESSIVE / REGRESSIVE BARRIER IN THE COASTAL PLAIN OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Morphological and stratigraphic evolution of a transgressive/regressive barrier in the coastal plain of Rio Grande do Sul
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5016/geociencias.v39i03.14450Abstract
The present study sheds light on the reversal of the Holocene transgressive/regressive depositional regime in the coastal barrier systems in the Torres-Curumim sector on the north coast of Rio Grande do Sul state. The origin of the coastal barriers in this sector came from the establishment of a basal transgressive (retrogradational) unit, directly on the pleistocene substrate, succeeding from a regressive (progradational) unit. The transition between these units preceded the apex of the last Post-Glacial Marine Transgression (PMT), indicating a situation of high sedimentary supply (supply > accommodation space), which in turn was preserved during the coastal barrier progradation as a normal regression phase. Geotechnical surveys such as Standard Penetrating Test (SPT), vibrocore and Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) profiles were used to acquire stratigraphic data from the sedimentary record. Sedimentological, paleontological and geochronological analyzes were used to describe and interpret sedimentary facies and their associations. The first records of PMT in this coastal sector correspond to the lagoon environments that occupied the rear of the transgressive coastal barrier. Inlets have enabled the lagoon-ocean dynamics, which led to the evolution of estuarine deposits at the rear of the barrier. Washover fan deposits, flood tide deltas and transgressive dunes have been identified as the leading modes of sediment transfer towards the continent. These same deposits in the oceanic sector of the barrier represent the sedimentary source area required for the barrier to migrate to the mainland. This displacement of the barrier ends by restricting the accommodation space in the rear barrier, initiating the inversion of the transgressive/regressive depositional regime, and consequently interrupting the overwashing events and the dynamics of the binding channels. The complete isolation of the backbarrier (lagoon/estuarine) initiates the regressive (progradational) phase of the barrier before the highest PMT (maximum eustatic) level has been reached. Such a situation typifies this early phase of progradation as a normal regression. However, at the end of the PMT, the relative sea level finally begins to lower, now causing a forced regression that persists to the present day.